Objective To investigate the significance of decompression of optic nerve in the rehabilitation of traumatic optic neuropathy following head trauma.Method Surgical treatment was performed on 16 patients suffered from traumatic neuropathy following head trauma.Fragments ,hematoma,necrotic brain tissue resulting from fracture of orbital bone were removed and frontal and orbital fracture or malposition corrected by craniotomy through valve of frontal bone in 15 patients.Optic canal was probed and sheath of optic nerve was cut open for decompression of optic nerve.Frontotemporal wound was made in 1 case with superior orbital fissure syndrome and decompression of optic canal and abrasion of superior orbital fissure were performed through outer side of orbital point.Result Surgical treatment was effective in 12 cases(75% ),exophthalmus in 2 cases was corrected.Conclusion Decompression of optic nerve through frontal bone or frontotemporal is effective in enhancing visual acuity in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy following head trauma.