一、引言由多孔材料构成的文物非常多,如岩石类、土质类、砖质类、陶质类等文物,由于构成这些文物材料本身的结构特性(孔隙度、膨胀系数、吸水系数等都比较大),它们极易受外界自然风化因素如雨水、湿气、盐分、生物[1]的侵袭,使其中的胶结物发生变化而失去自身强度,最终遭到破坏[2]。为此,文物保护学家进行了大量的研究来 I. INTRODUCTION There are many relics made of porous materials, such as rock, soil, brick, pottery and other artifacts. Due to their structural characteristics (porosity, expansion coefficient, water absorption coefficient, etc.) Large), they are extremely vulnerable to the external natural weathering factors such as rain, moisture, salt, organisms [1] invasion, so that one of the cement changes and lose their strength, eventually being destroyed [2]. To this end, conservationists conducted a lot of research