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空间站环境控制与生命保障(环控生保)系统微重力条件下,空间站密闭狭小舱内的真菌和细菌等微生物主要来自航天员生理代谢产生的废物(尿液、粪便),日常生活和工作中形成的废弃物,以及在密闭生态系统中进行食物、气和水反复净化和再生处理所应用的微生物。空间站环控生保系统中的水、冷凝水、废水等介质中极易滋生微生物,并通过微生物产生具有腐蚀性的代谢产物,如硫酸、有机酸、硫化物和氨等,恶化金属材料腐蚀的环境。本文综述了微重力条件下的微生物生物效应、空间站材料微生物腐蚀行为、材料微生物腐蚀防护技术等3个方面,讨论了太空特殊的微重力环境下微生物生理生化性状的变化及其与材料间的复杂相互作用,认为开展微重力条件下相关材料的微生物腐蚀实验研究,明确生物膜的形成及其腐蚀作用机制,开发新型抗微生物防护材料体系,对保障空间站环控生保系统材料安全服役具有重要意义。
Under the conditions of microgravity, the microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria in the tight capsule of the space station mainly come from the waste (urine and excrement) produced by the astronaut’s physiological metabolism and form in daily life and work , As well as the microorganisms used in the reclamation and regeneration of food, gas and water in closed ecosystems. Space station life control system of water, condensate, wastewater and other media easily breed microorganisms, and by microorganisms produce corrosive metabolites, such as sulfuric acid, organic acids, sulfides and ammonia, deteriorating the corrosive environment of metal materials . In this paper, three aspects of microbial biological effect under microgravity, microbial corrosion behavior of material in station and microbiological corrosion protection of materials are reviewed. The changes of physiological and biochemical characters and their relationship with the materials in microgravity environment are discussed. It is considered that it is of great significance to carry out the microbial corrosion experiments of related materials under microgravity and clarify the mechanism of biofilm formation and corrosion and to develop a new antimicrobial protective material system to ensure the safe operation of the space station life control system.