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鞍马是我国男子体操的传统优势项目,鞍马全旋(DLC)是该项目的典型和核心动作,也是规则规定必须完成的“规定动作”。运动员要在鞍马全旋上达到高水平,不仅训练周期很长,还要不断地纠错、枯燥地重复“规定动作”以及克服伤病干扰,以实现肌肉工作时的协同效应和“自动化”。从运动生物力学的角度对鞍马全旋动作的肌肉工作机制进行定量描述尚无报道。采用多体系统动力学仿真软件Lifemod对该动作进行建模仿真,验证了重心和足在水平面基本作圆周运动是其良好技术水平的体现;并首次揭示了背阔肌在鞍马全旋运动中是主要的动力来源,胸大肌在进行躯干远固定的同时,肱二头肌和肱三头肌协同工作起到支撑作用;三角肌起固定肩关节作用。为精细和准确的训练提供了可定量化的初步依据。
The pommel horse is the traditional advantage item of the Chinese men’s gymnastics. The complete saddle horse (DLC) is the typical and core action of the project, and it is also the “prescribed action” which must be completed according to the rules. Athletes in the pommel horse to achieve a high level of full rotation, not only a long training cycle, but also constantly error correction, boring to repeat “prescribed action ” and overcome the interference of the disease in order to achieve muscle synergy and automation". From the perspective of sports biomechanics, the quantitative description of the muscle working mechanism of pommel horse is still not reported. The multi-body system dynamics simulation software Lifemod was used to simulate the movement and verify that the center of gravity and foot are basically circular motion in the horizontal plane is a good technical level of performance; and for the first time revealed that the latissimus dorsi muscle in full rotation is The main source of power, pectoralis major far trunk fixed at the same time, biceps and triceps synergies work to play a supporting role; deltoid muscles play a role in the fixed shoulder. For the fine and accurate training provides a quantifiable initial basis.