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目的：建立特异、敏感、方便的鸭乙肝病毒（ＤＨＢＶ）检测方法。方法：通过免疫电镜、ＰＣＲ、组织原位杂交及ＥＬＩＳＡ等技术观察病毒的颗粒形态及表面抗原与ＤＮＡ的活性，并通过静脉途径感染一日龄麻鸭，了解动物感染实验的规律。结果：透射电镜下，ＤＨＢＶ约为４０ｎｍ大小的圆形颗粒，其包膜完整、清晰，有的颗粒还见明显的多刺状核壳体；所选用的引物，能使ＤＨＢＶ阳性样本的ＤＮＡ扩增产物电泳区有一２３２ｂｐ的条带出现；光镜下ＤＨＢＶ阳性肝组织的原位杂交片中多处呈现明显的阳性显色区，区域内主要为肝细胞结果；ＤＨＢＶ的感染性越高，雏鸭被感染的比例就高，且指标转阳的时间越短；感染潜伏期约为７～２１ｄ。结论：研究所涉及的４种检测方法均有特异、敏感的特点。
Objective: To establish a specific, sensitive and convenient method for detection of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). Methods: The morphology of virus and the activity of surface antigen and DNA were observed by immunoelectron microscopy, PCR, tissue in situ hybridization and ELISA. The infection of one day old geese by intravenous route was also studied. Results: Under the transmission electron microscope, the DHBV was about 40nm in size. The envelope was intact and clear, and some of the particles also showed obvious thorny nuclear shell. The selected primers could amplify the DNA of DHBV positive samples There was a 232bp band appeared in the electrophoresis zone of the product. In the in situ hybridization of DHBV-positive liver tissue under light microscopy, there were obvious positive color areas and the results were mainly hepatocytes. The higher the infectivity of DHBV, The proportion of ducks infected is high, and the shorter the time for index turning, the incubation period is about 7-21 days. Conclusion: The four kinds of detection methods involved in this study are both specific and sensitive.