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喉癌是人类常见的恶性肿瘤之一，在头颈部肿瘤中占有很大比例，病理分型主要以鳞状细胞癌为主，占全部喉癌的９３％～９９％，在世界各国发病率均呈上升趋势，严重危害人类身心健康。与其它常见的恶性肿瘤相比，对喉癌遗传机制研究较少。本文从细胞遗传学和分子遗传学水平综述了与喉鳞状细胞癌发生相关的染色体数目和结构畸变、癌基因、抑癌基因及杂合性丢失，旨在深入探讨喉癌发生的分子机制，从而制订有效可行的预防、诊断和治疗策略。
Laryngeal cancer is one of the common human malignant tumors, accounting for a large proportion of head and neck cancer, the main pathological type of squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 93% to 99% of all laryngeal cancer in the world incidence of All showed an upward trend, seriously endangering human physical and mental health. Compared with other common malignant tumors, the genetic mechanism of laryngeal cancer is less studied. In this paper, we reviewed the number of chromosomes, structural aberrations, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and loss of heterozygosity associated with the occurrence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in cytogenetics and molecular genetics to investigate the molecular mechanism of laryngeal carcinoma. So as to formulate effective and feasible prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies.