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牙周炎是一种由菌斑引起的以牙周软组织和牙槽骨破坏为特征的慢性感染性疾病,其病因尚不明确,目前普遍认为是细菌感染和宿主防御相互作用的结果,受遗传有关的宿主易感性、环境、行为因素的影响。致病菌的存在是牙周炎发生的必要条件,基因因素影响宿主在应对细菌免疫应答过程中的强度,从而导致不同程度的牙周组织破坏。许多有关牙周炎基因方面的研究把目光对准了在免疫调节和新陈代谢中发挥重要作用的物质的基因多态性,比如细胞因子、细胞表面受体、趋化因子、酶以及其他与抗原识别有关的物质。FcγR就是其中之一。FcγR属于免疫球蛋白超家族,主要有FcγRI、FcγRII、FcγRIII三类,大量研究表明FcγRIIA基因多态性与牙周炎的易感性有关。在针对不同种族的调查中,FcγRIIA基因多态性与牙周炎的易感性的研究结果不尽相同。也提示我们基因多态性的等位基因频率在各个种族之间存在差异,这种基因标识在界定牙周炎病因和预后方面的相关应用会变得有所不同。基因诊断将会成为未来牙周病预防和治疗的新方向。本文主要对近年来FcγRIIA基因多态性与牙周炎关系的研究进展进行了综述。
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease characterized by plaque that is characterized by periodontal soft tissue and alveolar bone destruction and its etiology is not yet known and is now generally thought to be the result of an interaction between bacterial infection and host defense Influences of Host Susceptibility, Environment, and Behavioral Factors. The presence of pathogenic bacteria is a necessary condition for periodontitis. Genetic factors affect the strength of the host in response to bacterial immune response, resulting in different degrees of periodontal tissue destruction. Many studies of periodontitis genes have focused on the genetic polymorphisms of substances that play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism such as cytokines, cell surface receptors, chemokines, enzymes, and other antigen-recognition Related substances. FcγR is one of them. FcyR belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, mainly FcyRI, FcyRII, FcyRIII three categories, a large number of studies have shown that FcyRIIA gene polymorphism and periodontitis susceptibility. In the survey of different races, the results of the research on the polymorphisms of FcγRIIA gene and susceptibility to periodontitis are different. It also suggests that the frequency of alleles in our genetic polymorphisms varies across races and that the use of such genetic markers in defining the etiology and prognosis of periodontitis will be different. Genetic diagnosis will be the future direction of prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. This article mainly reviews the research progress of the relationship between FcyRIIA gene polymorphism and periodontitis in recent years.