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【目的】观测国内仅分布于新疆的高葶韭的物候特征及其产量构成因素,为高葶韭的进一步引种驯化提供理论依据。【方法】参考相关研究资料,调整和完善了葱属植物物候期的观测标准,并将其应用于高葶韭的物候观测中,于2007-2009年每年的3-9月观测记录高葶韭的物候期;此外,还观测了与高葶韭产量相关的4个指标(植株叶片数、假茎粗、株高及株幅),并分析了他们之间的相关性。【结果】高葶韭每年3月中下旬萌动,4月上中旬抽薹,5月中旬始花,6月下旬果实成熟;年生长周期平均为180d左右;同年高葶韭无二次生长。叶是高葶韭的主要食用器官,单株叶片数、假茎粗和株高在植株进入生殖生长时达最大值,分别是9.7,1.331cm和42.0cm,最大株幅为28.53cm;童期植株的株高、假茎粗均与叶片数呈极显著正相关;成年期植株的株高与假茎粗呈极显著正相关,二者与叶片数均呈正相关,但相关性不显著。【结论】探明了高葶韭的物候特性,其以休眠方式越夏,为绿体春化型、于长日照下开花的多年生草本植物;在叶的营养生长期(25～34d)应加强管理,以延长营养生长期,从而获得最大限度的经济产量。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to observe the phenological characteristics and yield components of Allium japonicus distributed only in Xinjiang and provide theoretical basis for the further introduction and domestication of Allium japonicus. 【Method】 With reference to relevant research data, the observational standards of Allium Phyllostachys palustris were adjusted and perfected and applied to the observation of phenophase of Allium japonicus. From March to September in 2007-2009, . In addition, four indexes related to the yield of Allium chinensis (leaf number, pseudobulb, plant height and plant width) were also observed and their correlations were analyzed. 【Result】 Gerbera jamesonii germinated in mid-to-late March of each year, bolting in mid-April and beginning in mid-May and ripening in late June. The annual growth period averaged about 180 days. Leaves are the main edible organs of Allium japonicus, the number of leaves per plant, pseudostems and plant height reached the maximum when plants entered reproductive growth, which were 9.7,1.331cm and 42.0cm, respectively, with the maximum width of 28.53cm. The plant height and pseudostem diameter were significantly and positively correlated with the number of leaves. The plant height and pseudostem diameter of adult plants were significantly and positively correlated, and both were positively correlated with the number of leaves, but the correlation was not significant. 【Conclusion】 The phenological characteristics of Allium mongolica were ascertained. The perennial herbaceous plants which bloom in spring with the dormancy mode and bloom under the long-day sunshine, should be strengthened during the vegetative growth period (25 ~ 34 days) Management, to extend the vegetative period, so as to obtain the maximum economic output.