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目的 研究大鼠咽黏膜内三磷酸腺苷(ATP)受体P2X_3阳性感觉纤维的分布,为探究ATP在咽黏膜感觉信号传导中的作用提供形态学依据. 方法 成年Wistar大鼠12只,应用免疫荧光组织化学双标技术结合激光扫描共焦显微镜. 结果 1.在咽黏膜各部位均可观察到P2X_3阳性感觉纤维,纤维分为两类:一类为串珠样游离神经纤维;另一类纤维在黏膜内发出分支并形成复杂的树枝状末梢,纤维分支在黏膜内形成神经丛.2.可见许多降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)阳性纤维缠绕在P2X_3阳性树枝状末梢周围,并有少量的串珠样P2X_3阳性纤维与CGRP共存.3.在岩神经节内可观察到许多P2X_3或CGRP免疫阳性神经元,其中有少量神经元同时呈P2X_3/CGRP免疫阳性. 结论 大鼠咽黏膜内不同类型的感觉纤维均表达ATP受体P2X_3阳性,提示ATP可能与咽黏膜伤害性刺激和其他生理性刺激向中枢的传递有关.“,”Objective To study the distribution of purinergic P2X_3 receptor immunoreactive afferent fibers in the rat pharyngeal mucosa and provide morphological evidence for exploring the role of ATP in the signal transduction of sensory stimuli. Methods Twelve adult Wistar rats were used and immunofluorescenthistochemical double-labeling technique combined laser confocal scanning microscope was applied in the present study. Results 1.P2X_3 immunoreactive fibers were observed on sections from all parts of pharyngeal mucosa. Two types of positive fibers were found. One was free nerve fibers covered with many varicosities. Another one ramified in mucosa and showed complex arborization endings. Nerve plexus in mucosa were formed by P2X_3 immunoreactive fiber ramifications. 2.Most calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) positive fibers intermingled with P2X_3 immunoreactive fiber arborizations. A few P2X_3 immunoreactive fibers were covered with many varicosities co-localized with CGRP. 3.In petrosal ganglion, most neurons were stained with P2X_3 or CGRP immunoreactivity and small number of P2X_3 immunoreactive neurons co-stained with CGRP. Conclusion These results indicated that the different types of afferent fibers in rat pharyngeal mucosa expressed purinergic P2X_3 receptor immunoreactivity and ATP might be related to nociceptive or physiological signals transduction in rat pharyngeal mucosa.