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目的:探究人体海马CA1区神经元锥体细胞胞体发育的过程。方法:取19孕周(19GW)、20GW、26GW、35GW、38GW水囊引产胎儿和8岁(8Y)死亡儿童各1例,所有标本来源符合相关法律法规和伦理要求,采用Golgi染色技术,借助配备有“Neurolu-cida”软件的共聚焦显微镜观察CA1区锥体细胞胞体,分析细胞体的长度和面积。结果:19GW和20GW细胞体形态尚不明显,26GW、35GW、38GW、8Y海马CA1区锥体神经元胞体长度分别为56.5±2.5(μm)、80.8±8.5(μm)、85.9±12.2(μm)、91.3±9.6(μm);胞体面积分别为254.5±13.7(μm2)、362.5±15.5(μm2)、380.5±22.8(μm2)、460.8±25.7(μm2)。26GW锥体细胞胞体长度和面积与35GW、38GW、8Y相比差异明显(P<0.05);8岁胞体长度和面积与38GW相比有小幅度增大;细胞形态学:26GW、35GW、38GW锥体细胞胞体切面呈椭圆形或三角形,随胎龄增大,胞体长度和面积逐渐增长增大,特别是细胞基底部增宽,胞体形态由椭圆形逐渐转换为三角形;细胞底部的基树突数量也逐渐增加,到38GW时可以达到4-7个,8Y锥体细胞胞体在切面上基本上都呈三角形,细胞长度和面积与38GW相比稍微增大,相对趋于稳定。结论:人体在发育过程中,锥体细胞长度呈逐渐增长、面积呈逐渐增大趋势,26GW与35GW之间变化最大,38GW与8Y胞体面积差异不明显,整个变化趋势逐渐变慢并趋于稳定。
Objective: To explore the process of somatic cell pyknosis of hippocampal CA1 neurons in human hippocampus. Methods: One fetus (19 gestation weeks (19GW), 20GW, 26GW, 35GW and 38GW abortion fetus and 8 years old (8Y) children were killed. All the specimens were sourced in compliance with relevant laws, regulations and ethical requirements. The pyramidal cell bodies of CA1 were observed under a confocal microscope equipped with “Neurolu-cida” software to analyze the length and area of the cell body. RESULTS: The morphological changes of cell bodies in 19GW and 20GW cells were not obvious. The lengths of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of 26GW, 35GW, 38GW and 8Y were 56.5 ± 2.5 (μm), 80.8 ± 8.5 (μm) and 85.9 ± 12.2 (μm) , 91.3 ± 9.6 (μm) respectively. The area of cell body was 254.5 ± 13.7 (μm2), 362.5 ± 15.5 (μm2), 380.5 ± 22.8 (μm2) and 460.8 ± 25.7 (μm2) respectively. The length and area of 26GW pyramidal cells were significantly different from those of 35GW, 38GW and 8Y (P <0.05). The length and area of 8G-derived pyramidal cells were slightly increased compared with that of 38GW. Morphology of 26GW, 35GW and 38GW The somatic cell body section was oval or triangular, with the increase of gestational age, cell body length and area increased gradually, especially the basal cell widened, the cell morphology gradually transformed from oval to triangle; the number of basal cell dendrites Also gradually increased to 38GW can reach 4-7, 8Y pyramidal cell body in the section are basically triangular, cell length and area slightly increased compared with 38GW, the relative tends to be stable. CONCLUSION: During the development of human body, the length of pyramidal cells gradually increases, and the area increases gradually. The change between 26GW and 35GW is the largest, while there is no significant difference between 38GW and 8Y cell body area. The whole change trend becomes slower and tends to be stable .