全草类药材又称草类药材,多为干燥的草本植物地上部分,主要是带叶的茎枝,有些还带有花或花序和果实,少部分带有根和根茎,极少数为灌木的草质茎。草类药材饮片由于干瘪皱缩,支离破碎,鉴别比较困难。笔者仅就几种常用中药的性状鉴别,谈几点认识。从根或根茎的形态鉴别时要注意根或根茎的形状、大小、颜色、表面特征及断面等。如冰凉花(Adonisamurensis),短的根茎上密生黄褐色至棕褐色须根;蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum)只具主根一条,呈长圆柱形,其头部有棕色或白色的茸毛。又如地丁(Gueldenstaedtia multiflora)的根呈长圆锥形,直径最粗可达一厘米,表面有横生突起的皮孔;紫花地丁(Viola yedoensis)的根亦呈长圆锥形,但较细,直径只有一至三毫米,表面皱缩、粗糙,有须根痕。 Herbs are also known as grass herbs. They are mostly above-ground parts of dry herbaceous plants, mainly stems with leaves, some with flowers or inflorescences and fruits, a few with roots and rhizomes, and very few with shrubs. Grassy stems. Herbal medicine pieces are often difficult to differentiate due to shrinkage and fragmentation. The author only identifies the traits of several commonly used traditional Chinese medicines and discusses several points of understanding. When morphological identification of roots or rhizomes, attention should be paid to the shape, size, color, surface features, and sections of the roots or rhizomes. As for Adonisamurensis, the short rhizomes are densely yellowish-brown to brownish; the taraxacum (Taraxacum mongolicum) has only one major root and is long cylindrical with brown or white hair on its head. Also, the root of Gueldenstaedtia multiflora has a long conical shape with a diameter of up to one centimeter and a lenticel with a protuberant surface on the surface; the root of Viola yedoensis also has a long conical shape but is thin. Diameter is only one to three millimeters, the surface is shrunken, rough, with root marks.