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目的分析贵州苗族儿童青少年1985—2010年生长迟缓和消瘦检出率变化情况,为少数民族地区制定适龄人群的营养策略提供参考。方法以WHO-2006标准,对1985—2010年间历次参加全国学生体质健康调研的贵州省苗族7~18岁学生进行筛查。结果 2010年男、女生生长迟缓率分别为37.7%和39.0%,消瘦率分别为3.3%和1.3%。和1985年相比,生长迟缓率仅小幅下降。将年龄阶段分“儿童”“少年”两阶段分析1985—2010的变化趋势,7~12岁儿童期生长迟缓率逐渐降低,而13~18岁少年期生长迟缓率逐渐上升。结论苗族学生营养状况和体格发育处于不完全性长期趋势。应采取相应的应对措施,全面兼顾苗族儿童青少年整个生长发育阶段的营养需求。
Objective To analyze the change of growth retardation and weight loss among Miao children and adolescents aged from 1985 to 2010 in Guizhou province, and to provide reference for formulating the nutrition strategies for the age group in ethnic minority areas. Methods According to the WHO-2006 standard, Miao 7-18-year-old students in Guizhou Province who participated in the National Student Physical Health Survey from 1985 to 2010 were screened. Results The growth retard rates of boys and girls in 2010 were 37.7% and 39.0% respectively, and the wasting rates were 3.3% and 1.3% respectively. Compared with 1985, the rate of growth retardation declined only slightly. The analysis of the changes of 1985-2010 showed that the growth retardation rate of children aged 7 ~ 12 years gradually decreased while the growth retardation rate of 13 ~ 18 years old children gradually increased. Conclusion The nutritional status and physical development of Miao students are not completely long-term trends. Corresponding measures should be taken to fully consider the nutritional needs of Miao children and adolescents throughout the growth and development stage.