占有制度作为民法中的一项基本制度,起源自古代的罗马法。但作为大陆法系大法源的罗马法和日耳曼法,对于占有的认识迥异。这使得原本就被蒙上历史面纱的占有制度又添上了一层迷惑的表象,最后的结果是导致现代民法关于占有价值作用的不清。原因首先在于人们普遍将物权法片面理解为静态的财产归属制度,即以所有权为核心。在传统权利外衣的理论中,仅仅将占有视作所有权的一种表现形式,是依附于其他权利的,而非一种实体性的独立物权。因此,我们不能再将占有的定义局限在一种不能够与本权相对抗的事实状态,而须将目光投注到基于一定的法律权利的条件下,非所有权人对于物的实际持有的基础上以占有、使用、收益、处分或其它方式实现的直接支配物的权利,即占有权,既而探究占有制度在物权法体系中的地位。 Possession system as a basic civil law, originated from the ancient Roman law. However, the Roman law and Germanic law, which are the sources of Dafa in the civil law system, have very different understanding of possession. This adds another layer of deceptive appearance to the possession system originally concealed in historical veil. The final result is that it leads to the unclear role of modern civil law in the possession value. The reason lies in the fact that people generally understand the property law unilaterally as a static property ownership system, that is, with ownership as the core. In the traditional cloak of rights theory, the mere appearance of possession as a manifestation of ownership is dependent on other rights rather than a substantive independent property. Therefore, we can no longer confine the definition of possession to a state of fact that can not be confronted with our own right. We must focus our attention on the basis of certain legal rights, and the basis for non-owners’ actual possession of things On the possession, use, income, disposal or other means to achieve the direct control of the right, that is, possession, and then explore the possession system in the property law system status.