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目的探索湖沼地区综合治理措施控制血吸虫病流行的效果。方法2003~2007年选择湖北省公安县花基台荆江分洪区5个湖沼型血吸虫病流行村为试点,第1阶段(2003~2005年)在实施人畜化疗、易感地带灭螺、免费救治晚期血吸虫病人的同时,结合农业、林业、水利等项目开展血防综合治理。第2阶段(2006~2007年)在此基础上开展以机代牛,控制传染源,发展多种经营,种植经济作物或棉稻、油稻轮作。结果通过连续5年2个阶段综合治理,第1阶段居民和耕牛感染率分别降至1.05%和2.69%,分别下降了97.29%和80.06%(2χ=276.649 3、27.364 6,P均<0.01),无12岁以下儿童新感染和急性血吸虫病发生,钉螺感染率降至0(2χ=7.145 1,P<0.01);第2阶段居民感染率降至0.21%,下降了99.46%,病牛数减少到0,未发生急性血吸虫病,钉螺面积下降98.02%,达到血吸虫病传播控制标准。结论综合治理措施可有效控制湖沼地区血吸虫病流行。
Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive control measures in lakes and mountains to control the epidemic of schistosomiasis. Methods From 2003 to 2007, five lakeshore schistosomiasis endemic villages in Jingjiang flood diversion area were selected as the pilot. During the first phase (from 2003 to 2005) Schistosomiasis patients at the same time, combined with agriculture, forestry, water conservancy and other projects to carry out comprehensive prevention and treatment of blood. Stage 2 (2006 ~ 2007) On this basis, we will take measures to control the sources of infection, develop diversified operations, grow cash crops or cotton and rice rotation. The results showed that the infection rates of residents and cattle in the first stage decreased to 1.05% and 2.69% respectively through comprehensive management in two stages of five years in a row, decreasing by 97.29% and 80.06% respectively (P <0.01, P <0.01) ), No new infections and acute schistosomiasis occurred in children under 12 years of age, and the infection rate of snails decreased to 0 (2χ = 7.145 1, P <0.01). The infection rate of residents in phase 2 decreased to 0.21%, down by 99.46% Number reduced to 0, no acute schistosomiasis, snail area decreased 98.02%, to schistosomiasis transmission control standards. Conclusion Comprehensive control measures can effectively control schistosomiasis epidemic in lakes and mountains.