谦称是古人借用含有“低下”的字眼,以谦卑的口吻对人表示尊敬。古代一般男性对平辈或长辈的谦称有“臣”、“仆”、“愚”、“小人”、“小子”、“小可”、“鄙人”、“鄙夫”等。“臣”,本是西局,春秋时期的一种“男性家奴”之称。后引申为君主时代臣对君的自称,最后演变为自谦。如《孙膑》:“臣能令君胜。”这是孙膑对田忌说的话,二者并非君臣关系,谨表白谦。“仆”,本是“奴隶的一个等级”。后引申为“奴仆”、“仆人”,又引申为对己的谦称。如司马迁《报任少卿书》:“仆非敢如此也”。司马迁与任少卿是老朋友,并非 Qian Qiang said that the ancients used the word “low” to express respect for people with humility. In ancient times, men who were ordinary men or generations of flatters or elders had “chen”, “servant”, “stupid”, “little person”, “little kid”, “small can”, “deaf” and “coward”. “Chen”, this is the West Bureau, the Spring and Autumn Period, a “male slave” is called. Afterwards, the self-proclaimed monarch’s self-declaration of the monarch, and finally evolved into self-determination. Such as “Sun Yan”: “Chen can make the victory of the king.” This is Sun Yi’s words to Tian Ji, the two are not monarchy relations, I have expressed confession. “Servant” is originally a “class of slaves.” Later it was extended to “servant” and “servant,” and it was extended as a modesty for oneself. Such as Sima Qian “report Ren Shaoqing”: “The servant is not afraid to do so”. Sima Qian and Ren Shaoqing are old friends, not