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本文在分析自1973年石油危机以来的能源形势及近年来船用柴油机的发展概况后,提出了如下的观点:能源危机及燃料费用对船舶营运成本愈来愈大的影响,已成为船用柴油机技术发展的一个巨大的推动力,它改变了技术发展的侧重点,形成了一些新的设计概念,加速了机型换代的步伐,也给柴油机研究设计人员提供了更为广阔的天地。结合我国海运的实际情况,作者提出从现在起就应把提高柴油机船燃油经济性的问题提到重要位置上来,以适应进入国际市场后不可避免的竞争,节约更多的石油和外汇。文章论述了为达到上述目标,从柴油机方面所可能利用的主要技术途径,包括提高柴油机本身的热效率,降低转速以提高螺旋桨效率,及燃用超劣质燃料等主要方面。
After analyzing the energy situation since the oil crisis in 1973 and the general situation of marine diesel engines in recent years, this paper puts forward the following viewpoints: the impact of energy crisis and fuel costs on the operating costs of ships has become an increasingly important issue for the development of marine diesel engines It has changed the focus of technology development, formed some new design concepts, accelerated the pace of model replacement, and also provided a broader space for diesel engine research designers. Combined with the actual situation of China’s maritime transport, the author put forward from now on should improve the fuel economy of diesel ships mentioned in the important position to meet the inevitable competition after entering the international market, saving more oil and foreign exchange. The paper discusses the main technical approaches that may be used in diesel engines to achieve the above objectives, including improving the thermal efficiency of diesel engines, reducing the rotating speed to improve the propeller efficiency, and burning super-inferior fuel.