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目的掌握上海宝山区居民的饮食行为特点,分析动态变化规律,探讨饮食行为影响因素,以便更好地开展合理膳食营养教育。方法采用食物频率问卷调查法,2004-2009年连续6年对居民开展饮食行为动态监测。结果当前宝山区居民对豆类、蛋类、奶类摄入频率过低,对甜食类摄入频率过高;从历年动态监测资料来看,对蔬果类、豆类食物摄入频率过低的人群比例,以及对甜食类、高脂类、腌制类食物的摄入频率过高的人群比例,总体都有上升趋势;通过对饮食行为的影响因素分析,研究发现低文化、低收入人群不良饮食行为发生率较高,老年人对肉鱼类摄入频率过低,男性对高脂类摄入过频,而青少年和女性更偏爱甜食。结论宝山区居民的膳食结构处于以蔬菜类为主转向消费更多动物蛋白、甜食类和高脂类食物的阶段。
Objective To understand the characteristics of dietary behaviors of residents in Baoshan district of Shanghai, analyze the dynamic changes, and explore the influencing factors of dietary behaviors in order to carry out reasonable dietary nutrition education. Methods The method of food frequency questionnaire was used to monitor the dietary behaviors of residents for six consecutive years from 2004 to 2009. Results At present, residents of Baoshan District have too low intake of pulses, eggs and milk and too much frequency of sweets intake. According to the dynamic monitoring data of the past years, the frequency of food intake of fruits and vegetables and pulses is too low The proportion of the population, and the proportion of people with high intake of sweets, high-fat and salted foods generally have an upward trend. By analyzing the influencing factors of dietary behaviors, we found that the low-culture and low-income people High incidence of eating behavior, the elderly on the frequency of meat fish intake is too low, men over-frequency of high-fat intake, while adolescents and women prefer sweets. Conclusion The dietary structure of residents in Baoshan District is at the stage of consuming more animal protein, sweet food and high-fat food mainly from vegetables.