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为了了解根际真菌对黄瓜土传病害的影响,通过平板对峙试验和温室人工接种盆栽试验对分离自根际土的16株真菌开展了对土传病原真菌的拮抗作用和黄瓜土传病害的抑制作用研究.结果表明:有4株真菌对一种或多种供试病原真菌表现有拮抗作用,其中经鉴定为土曲霉的菌株JCL143对黄瓜枯萎病菌、立枯病菌和菌核病菌3种供试病原真菌均有较强的拮抗作用.在温室盆栽试验中,接种菌株JCL143对黄瓜3种病害的相对防效均在74%以上;而在不灭菌育苗基质的盆栽试验中,接种菌株JCL143对立枯病和菌核病的防效均在85%以上.在用自然土进行的温室盆栽试验中,接种菌株JCL143对伸蔓期黄瓜枯萎病的相对防效平均达84.1%.菌株JCL143的发酵液对3种供试病原真菌菌落生长都有不同程度的抑制作用,对菌核病菌的菌落生长抑菌率达63.3%.发酵液的抑菌活性随处理温度的升高而下降对碱性pH值比酸性pH值敏感,而对蛋白酶处理不敏感.说明土曲霉是土壤中抑制植物土传病害的重要因素,菌株JCL143的抑病效果稳定,具有潜在的生防应用价值.
In order to understand the effect of rhizosphere fungi on cucumber soil-borne diseases, antagonistic effects of soil-borne pathogenic fungi and soil-borne diseases of cucumber were carried out on 16 fungi isolated from rhizosphere soils by flat-panel stand-off test and greenhouse inoculated pot experiment The results showed that there were 4 fungi antagonizing one or more of the tested pathogenic fungi, of which three strains of Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were identified by strain JCL143 Pathogenic fungi have strong antagonism.In the greenhouse pot experiment, inoculation strain JCL143 cucumber on the three kinds of diseases relative control effect is above 74%; while in the pot experiment of non-sterile seedling substrate inoculation strain JCL143 opposite The control effect of bacterial blight and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were over 85% .In greenhouse pot experiment with natural soil, the relative control efficiency of inoculated strain JCL143 on cucumber wilt disease reached 84.1% on average.The strain JCL143 fermentation broth The three kinds of pathogenic fungi colonies have different degrees of inhibition of the growth of Sclerotinia bacteria colony growth inhibition rate of 63.3%. Antibacterial activity of the fermentation broth decreased with increasing treatment temperature for alkaline pH Which is sensitive to acidic pH value but insensitive to protease treatment, indicating that Aspergillus terreus plays an important role in inhibiting soil-borne disease in soil. Strain JCL143 has a stable disease-controlling effect and is potentially biocontrollable.