数论是一门研究整数性质的学问,包括初等数论、解析数论、代数数论、丢番图逼近论、超越数论等分支。初等数论以算术方法为主要研究手段。为了与数的四则运算这种算术进行区分,也有人把初等数论称为高等算术。初等数论的最基本内容一直是小学数学的基础内容之一。由于其概念多,概念之间的联系紧密,并且很多时候都需要学生借助概念进行思维,对于以形象思维为主的学生来说,这部分内容是难点。但正因为初等数论的 Number theory is a study of the nature of integer science, including elementary number theory, analytical number theory, algebraic number theory, approximation Diophantine theory, transcendental number theory and other branches. Elementary number theory to arithmetic method as the main research methods. In order to distinguish between the arithmetic of numbers, the arithmetic of elementary numbers is also referred to as advanced arithmetic. The elementary content of elementary number theory has been one of the basic elements of elementary mathematics. Because of its many concepts, closely linked concepts, and often require students to use the concept of thinking, for the image-based thinking of students, this part of the content is difficult. But precisely because of elementary number theory