19世纪末,随着工业革命步伐的深入,资本主义的生产方式悄然侵入到英国偏僻落后的农业地区,给当时以农耕为主的自给自足的小农经济沉重的冲击,严重破坏了古老的生产模式。机械文明的到来使农村发生了一场革命性的巨变。英国著名作家托马斯·哈代正是以这样的社会背景为前提进行创作,在其“性格与环境”系列小说中,《德伯家 At the end of the 19th century, with the deepening of the industrial revolution, the capitalist mode of production quietly invaded the remote and backward agricultural areas of the United Kingdom, giving a heavy impact to the then self-sustaining small-scale peasant economy at the time and seriously damaged the ancient mode of production. The arrival of mechanical civilization has brought about a revolutionary change in the countryside. The famous British writer Thomas Hardy is based on such a social context as a prerequisite for creation, in his “character and environment ” series of novels,