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为研究大豆(Glycine max)叶面适宜施氮量及叶面氮素吸收与利用的规律,以黑龙江省三江平原大豆主栽品种合农64为实验材料,采用15N标记示踪法在大豆需氮关键时期R5期进行叶面施氮,分析大豆组织器官标记氮素的积累量及回收率。结果表明:在4.5 kg·hm–2(N3)施氮条件下,大豆组织器官干物质量及氮素积累量显著高于其它处理,其中籽粒干物质平均重22.7 g,总干物质平均重73.2 g,分别比不施氮处理(N0)高17.92%和16.38%;籽粒氮素积累量平均为134.4mg·plant–1,比不施氮处理(N0)高13.13%,说明4.5 kg·hm–2(N3)施氮条件是合农64在R5期的最适叶面施氮量。在不同施氮条件下,各组织器官标记氮积累量随着施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,籽粒标记氮积累量在4.5 kg·hm–2(N3)施氮条件下最高,为9.96 mg·plant–1。这一结果同样说明了4.5 kg·hm–2(N3)是合农64在R5期的最适叶面施氮量,同时明确了叶面氮素是籽粒氮素积累增加的主要原因。在同一施氮水平下,各组织器官标记15N积累量顺序为籽粒>茎>叶>荚皮>叶柄>根,且各器官间差异显著,说明在R5期叶面施氮籽粒积累的叶面氮素最多。从15N标记在各组织器官的贡献率来看,在3.5 kg·hm–2(N1)施氮条件下,籽粒氮素贡献率与植株氮素回收率最高,说明在叶面施氮量较小的条件下,氮素更容易被籽粒吸收利用,但净积累量却低于最适施氮量处理(N3)。在3.5 kg·hm–2(N1)施氮条件下,植株氮素回收率高于最适施氮量处理(N3)。
In order to study the suitable nitrogen application rate and foliar nitrogen uptake and utilization of Glycine max, the main soybean variety Henong 64 of Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province was used as experimental material, During the key period of R5, foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer was carried out to analyze the accumulation and recovery rate of nitrogen in organs and tissues of soybean. The results showed that under the nitrogen application of 4.5 kg · hm-2 (N3), the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of soybean organs were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The average dry matter weight was 22.7 g and the total dry matter weight was 73.2 g , Respectively, which were 17.92% and 16.38% higher than that of no nitrogen treatment (N0) respectively. The average nitrogen accumulation of grain was 134.4 mg · plant-1, which was 13.13% higher than that of no nitrogen treatment (N0), indicating that 4.5 kg · hm-2 (N3) Nitrogen application condition was the optimum foliar nitrogen application rate of Henong 64 in R5. Under different nitrogen application rates, nitrogen accumulation in organs increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The accumulation of nitrogen in grain was the highest under the nitrogen application of 4.5 kg · hm-2 (N3) 9.96 mg · plant-1. This result also shows that 4.5 kg · hm-2 (N3) is the most suitable foliar N application in the stage of R5 and the main reason for the increase of N accumulation in the grain is the foliar nitrogen. Under the same nitrogen application level, the order of 15N accumulation of organs in each tissue was as follows: grain> stem> leaf> peel> petiole> root, and the difference among organs was significant. Most prime. In terms of the contribution rate of 15N labeled organs in different tissues and organs, under the condition of nitrogen application of 3.5 kg · hm-2 (N1), the nitrogen contribution rate of grain and plant nitrogen recovery were the highest, , Nitrogen was more easily absorbed and utilized by the grain, but the net accumulation was lower than the optimum nitrogen application (N3). Under nitrogen application of 3.5 kg · hm-2 (N1), the nitrogen recovery of plant was higher than that of N3.