[目的]探讨血清胸苷激酶1(thymidine kinase 1,TK1)在宫颈癌筛查、诊断及治疗中的作用。[方法]采用免疫印迹增强化学发光法检测125例宫颈癌患者手术前后血清TK1、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen,SCC-Ag)、肿瘤抗原125(cancer anti-gen 125,CA125)浓度,并对TK1与SCC-Ag、CA125作为宫颈癌诊断指标的相关参数进行评估。[结果]TK1浓度与细胞分化程度、FIGO分期明显相关,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与正常对照组比较,宫颈癌组术前TK1浓度增高约4.8倍,SCC-Ag增高约4.2倍,CA125浓度增高约2.1倍,均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。手术切除肿瘤后,TK1浓度与术前比较明显降低(P<0.05)。血清TK1浓度的假阳性率低于CA125,特异性、阳性预测值均高于CA125,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SCC-Ag的假阳性率、假阴性率低于TK1,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值均高于TK1,而有统计学意义的是假阴性率和敏感性(P<0.05)。在125例宫颈癌中,SCC-Ag诊断为假阴性的24例病例中14例为TK1阳性。[结论]TK1是一种高效灵敏的肿瘤标志物,与SCC-Ag、CA125等指标联合检测有望成为宫颈癌筛查的有效指标,在宫颈癌诊断及病情监测等方面发挥重要作用。 [Objective] To investigate the role of serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) in the screening, diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. [Method] The levels of serum TK1, squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCC-Ag) and tumor anti-gen 125 in 125 cases of cervical cancer before and after operation were detected by immunoblotting- CA125) concentrations, and TK1 and SCC-Ag, CA125 as a diagnostic indicator of cervical cancer related parameters were evaluated. [Results] The level of TK1 was significantly correlated with the degree of cell differentiation and FIGO staging, both of which were statistically significant (P <0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the preoperative TK1 concentration in cervical cancer group increased by 4.8 times, SCC-Ag increased by 4.2 times and CA125 concentration increased by 2.1 times (P <0.05). After surgical resection of tumor, TK1 concentration was significantly lower than that before operation (P <0.05). The false positive rate of serum TK1 concentration was lower than that of CA125, and the specificity and positive predictive value were higher than that of CA125, but there was no statistical significance (P> 0.05). The false positive rate and false negative rate of SCC-Ag were lower than that of TK1. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of SCC-Ag were all higher than that of TK1, while the false negative rate and sensitivity were statistically significant (P <0.05 ). Of the 125 cervical cancers, 14 of the 24 cases with a false negative SCC-Ag were positive for TK1. [Conclusion] TK1 is an efficient and sensitive tumor marker. Combined detection with SCC-Ag, CA125 and other indicators is expected to be an effective indicator of cervical cancer screening, and plays an important role in the diagnosis of cervical cancer and disease surveillance.