一 前言 在大学基础有机化学实验中,以苯和混酸为原料制取硝基苯,半个多世纪以来,一般都是采用圆底烧瓶振荡法来完成的。此法操作麻烦反应时间较长,产率较低。为了克服以上缺点,本文介绍一种合成硝基苯新的操作方法——填料塔管道化。 二 原理及实验部分 (一)实验原理 以苯和混酸为原料合成硝基苯的反应是亲电取代反应。其反应式为+HNO_3(浓)———→H_2O 其中硝酸作硝化剂。浓硫酸在此一是作脱水剂, A foreword In the university based organic chemistry experiment, uses the benzene and the mixed acid as the raw material to make the nitrobenzene, for more than half a century, generally uses the round bottom flask oscillation method to complete. This method is troublesome to operate the reaction time is longer, the yield is lower. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, this article describes a new method for the synthesis of nitrobenzene - packed tower pipe. Two principles and experimental part (A) of the experimental principle Benzene and mixed acid as raw materials for the synthesis of nitrobenzene reaction is electrophilic substitution reaction. The reaction is + HNO_3 (concentrated) --- → H_2O nitric acid as nitrating agent. Concentrated sulfuric acid in this one is for dehydrating agent,