本文比较研究了甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育系(Pclima CMS)、3个恢复系及其配制的3个杂种的幼苗生长和植株解剖等特征。结果表明,杂种油菜与其不育系、恢复系比较,种子发芽率高、发芽势强、幼根生长快,根毛多;幼苗的根系发达、子叶大;植株的根、茎和叶的基本组织、输导组织均较发达,茎较粗壮,叶片较厚,栅栏组织发达,根的薄壁细胞内贮藏的淀粉较多等诸方面表现优势。杂种营养器官较粗大,是由于细胞数目多,而不是细胞体积大。同一不育系与不同恢复系配制的杂种优势程度不同,因此在育种工作中要注意恢复系的选择。 In this paper, we compared the seedling growth and plant anatomy characteristics of Pclima CMS (Brassica napus), 3 restorer lines and 3 hybrids. The results showed that compared with CMS lines and restorer lines, the seed germination rate was high, the germination potential was strong, the rootlets grew faster and the root hair was more. The root system of the hybrids was developed and the cotyledons were large. The root, stem and leaf basic tissues, The lead tissue was more developed, stalks thicker, thicker leaves, well-organized palisade tissue, more starch stored in the root parenchyma and other aspects. Hybrid vegetative organs larger, is due to the number of cells, rather than large cell volume. The degree of heterosis in the same sterile line and different restorer lines is different, so pay attention to the choice of restorer line in the breeding work.