1879年发生在轮船招商局汕头分局公私混淆案的前因后果显示,在清朝的公共体系之外还有另一个“非正式财政体系”;这后一体系虽然无法发展成为独立的参天大树,其能量释放却往往使公共体系的运转打上很大的折扣,并使19世纪的改制运动陷入一种两难的境地。 The antecedents and consequences of the confusion between public and private in Shantou Branch of China Merchants Steam Navigation Bureau in 1879 showed that there was another “informal financial system” outside the Qing public system. Although the latter system could not develop into an independent towering tree, its energy Frequently, the release frees a great discount to the functioning of the public system and plunges the restructuring movement of the 19th century into a dilemma.