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随着数控机床、加工中心的应用,及时识别刀具磨损和破损已成为机械加工过程中的一个重要问题。因此,研究了许多监测刀具磨损和破损的方法。如直接测量的机械式法、电阻式法、光电式法以及间接测量的切削负荷监测、切削温度监测、声发射监测等。但因监测系统成本高、安装不方便、正确判断率不高等原因,真正用于生产的很少见。北京理工大学研制了一种监测系统,以监测机床主电机电流来判断刀具磨损和破损。方法简单,成本低,判断正确,可对车、铣、钻等加工刀具进行监测,有一定的实际使用价值。监测原理是利用刀具磨损后的切削力的变化,引起主机主轴扭矩发生变化,进而使主电机电流发生变化。这就可根据主电机电流值的变化情况作出刀具磨损和破损的判断。监测系统框图如图1所示。
With the application of CNC machine tools and machining centers, the timely identification of tool wear and damage has become an important issue in the machining process. Therefore, many methods of monitoring tool wear and tear have been studied. Such as direct measurement of the mechanical method, resistive method, photoelectric method and indirect measurement of cutting load monitoring, cutting temperature monitoring, acoustic emission monitoring. However, due to the high cost of monitoring system, inconvenient installation, the correct judgment rate is not high, the real production is very rare. Beijing Institute of Technology has developed a monitoring system to monitor the machine main motor current to determine the tool wear and tear. The method is simple, the cost is low, and the judgment is correct. The method can monitor the processing tools such as vehicles, milling, drilling and the like, and has certain practical use value. The principle of the monitoring is to use the change of the cutting force after the tool is worn, causing the change of the main shaft torque, and then the change of the main motor current. This can be based on changes in the value of the main motor current to make tool wear and tear to judge. Monitoring system block diagram shown in Figure 1.