苏联莫斯科包曼高等工业学校与莫斯科动力学院研究成功一种新的焊接方法——真空电子束焊接法。它可以用来焊接难熔的和極活潑的金屬,如钼、锆、钽等。在真空中焊接的初次实驗的利用电弧放电的热量来进行的。实驗証明,真空中稳定的焊接电弧只有在使用石墨电極时才能得到,但同时發現由于电極材料的霧化,沾污了焊縫金屬,使焊接接头性能变坏。在高真空中使用鎢極没有获得良好的結果,因为鎢極与焊件之間的焊接电弧只有当真空度超过2×10~(-1)毫米水銀柱高时才能 Soviet Union, Moscow, Bauman Institute of Higher Education and the Moscow Institute of Power success of a new welding method - vacuum electron beam welding method. It can be used to weld refractory and extremely lively metals such as molybdenum, zirconium, tantalum and the like. The initial experiment of welding in vacuum was performed using the heat of arc discharge. Experiments show that the vacuum welding arc stable only when using graphite electrodes can be obtained, but also found that the electrode material due to atomization, contamination of the weld metal, the weld joint performance deterioration. The use of tungsten in high vacuum did not produce good results because the welding arc between the tungsten and the weldment was only possible when the vacuum exceeded 2 × 10 -1 (mm) mercury column height