(一) 在实际生活中,当我们知道一类事物中的部分对象具有某种相同的属性时,便会很自然地推想:这类事物的全部对象都可能具有此种属性。这种被称为“归纳”的推理方法,看似轻车熟路、简便易行;但具体操作起来却未必见得顺理成章、称心如意,有时甚至会因其明显荒唐的推论,而令人啼笑皆非、捧腹不已。且看一例: 酒店里来了一位客人,主人忙迎上去问他要点什么。客人想了想说:“菜嘛,随便一盘炒菜和一碗豆腐就行;酒嘛,可得要最好的。” (A) In real life, when we know that some of the objects in a class have some of the same properties, it is natural to assume that all objects of such a class may have such a property. This method of reasoning, which is called “inductive”, seems to be very easy and convenient. However, it may not necessarily be logical and satisfactory to do so. Sometimes it is even ridiculous because of its obvious absurd inference. And look at an example: a guest came in the hotel, the host busy to greet him what to point. Guests thought to say: “Well, just a plate of cooking and a bowl of tofu on the line; wine Well, get the best.”