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抗菌肽是生物体防御系统产生的一类多肽.越来越多的研究表明抗菌肽不仅能够直接抑制和杀灭病原微生物,同时具有多种免疫调节活性,在宿主的天然和适应性免疫中起着重要的作用,因而具有广阔的应用前景.它们的表达水平与人类的许多疾病密切相关.本文对两类主要的人源抗菌肽:防御素和cathelicidin的结构特性、表达和生物活性及其与疾病的关系作一综述.“,”Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are one kind of polypeptides produced by living organisms' defense system. Substantial evidence accumulated in recent years indicates that AMPs not only possess direct antimicrobial activities but also have multiple immunomodulatory activities. They play an important role in both the innate and adaptive immunity of the host. Their expressions are closely related to many human diseases. Thus, antimicrobial peptides may have potential applications as new therapeutics agents. The intent of this article is to review the structures, expression and bioactivities of defensins and cathelicidin, the main families of AMPs in human. Correlations between human diseases and antimicrobial peptides are also discussed.