焦点与散点焦点是画面主体部分的最重要最集中之点,它的作用,是使观众把注意力首先集中到画中的主要部位,第一眼就造成强烈印象。处理焦点的办法很多,主要靠人与人之间的行动关系;色调的明暗与强弱虚实;人物本身的动势运动线和物象的疏密聚散所形成的视觉节奏高潮,以及利用人物周围的背景色彩对比关系等等,以达到焦点突出之效果。列宾的《伊凡杀子》焦点在伊凡雷帝的两只睁大失神的眼睛上,为突出因与儿子政见分歧进行争吵,而失手误伤其子所产生的惊愕、悔恨、不知所措的十分复杂的表情,画家把全部精力集中在那双失神的惊愕的眼睛上。画家用儿子身穿亮色衣服躺在地上形成曲线形的动势与伊凡雷帝两只颤抖的捂住儿子血流满面的手势,必然引向了伊凡雷帝的两只眼睛。在大片黑暗沉重的宫廷背景衬托下,造成强烈的焦点。(图1) Focus and Scattered Focus is the most important and concentrated point of the main part of the picture. Its purpose is to make the audience focus their attention on the main part of the painting first, which makes a strong impression at first glance. There are many ways to deal with the problem of focus, mainly by the action relationship between people; the light and shade of the tone and the strength and weakness of the actual situation; the moving trend of the character itself and the dense and scattered images of objects formed by the climax of the visual rhythm and the use of people around Background color contrast and so on, in order to achieve the prominent effect of the focus. Repin’s “Ivan killing” focus on the two eyes of Ivan the Terrible, in order to highlight the disagreement with his son due to political disagreements, and missed the horror caused by their son, regret, at a loss Of the very complex expression, the painter concentrated all his energies on those stunned eyes. Painter with son dressed in bright clothes lying on the ground to form a curvilinear movement with Ivory Emperor two trembling cover his son full of blood gestures bound to lead Ivan the Terrible eyes. Against the background of the dark, heavy court, there is a strong focus. (figure 1)