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流感杆菌、肺炎球菌、脑膜炎球菌以及伤寒杆菌的多糖荚膜是一种强毒力因子。纯化荚膜诱导无记忆功能的非胸腺依赖性抗体应答 ,但在婴儿中免疫原性较差。多糖与具免疫原性的载体蛋白共价结合后产生的多糖结合菌苗为胸腺依赖性抗原 ,可用于初次免疫。在 90年代 ,已有 4种 b型流感杆菌 ( Hib)多糖结合菌苗问世 ,并在一些国家中对大多数儿童进行预防接种 ,取得极大成功。目前 ,肺炎球菌和脑膜炎球菌多糖结合菌苗正处于报批前阶段 ,有望像 Hib多糖结合菌苗一样成功。
Influenzobacteria, pneumococci, meningococci and typhoid bacillus polysaccharide capsule is a virulence factor. Purified capsules induce a non-thymus-independent antibody response without memory function, but are less immunogenic in infants. The polysaccharide conjugate vaccine produced after the covalent attachment of the polysaccharide to the immunogenic carrier protein is a thymus-dependent antigen and can be used for primary immunization. In the 90s, four Hib polysaccharide conjugate vaccines have been introduced and most children have been vaccinated in some countries with great success. Currently, pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine is in the pre-approval stage, is expected to be as successful as Hib polysaccharide conjugate vaccine.