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从９０年代开始，在全球范围内，企业组织所处的生存环境发生了重大变化，以３Ｃ为特征的现代企业经营环境使企业面临前所未有的新挑战：变化日新月异（Ｃｈａｎｇｅ）、竞争呈全方位和整体化（Ｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ）、客户导向（Ｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒ ｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄ）。与此
Since the 1990s, there has been a significant change in the living environment of business organizations around the world. The modern business environment characterized by 3C has exposed enterprises to unprecedented new challenges: Change with ever-changing competition, Competition, Customer oriented. With this