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针对大部分旱作区气候条件恶劣、粮食低产不稳和抗旱减灾能力差等突出问题,在内蒙古阴山北麓典型旗县武川县与大兴安岭南麓典型旱作区兴安盟乌兰浩特市对全覆膜双垄沟种植方式的增温效应及产量形成关系进行了研究,设置传统半覆膜和平作不覆膜种植方式为对照,分别以播种面积逐年扩大的向日葵和传统大面积种植作物玉米为研究材料,总结分析了垄膜种植技术的增温增产作用机理:两种作物全覆膜双垄沟种植方式的全生育期在株间5 cm、15 cm、25 cm土层与行间5 cm、15 cm土层的土壤平均温度分别比平作不覆膜处理增加0.17~4.39℃与0.26~4.17℃;苗期行间日平均温度比平作不覆膜处理分别高1.71℃、2.43℃,株间日平均温度高3.41℃、3.59℃;全生育期土壤平均有效积温分别为2178.8℃、2621.4℃,较平作不覆膜处理增加174.7℃、217.6℃;全覆膜双垄沟种植方式收获时两种作物植株的各项生理指标在各处理中皆为最优;向日葵与玉米的平均产量分别为4165.5 kg hm~(-2)、13633.5 kg hm~(-2),与传统半覆膜和平作不覆膜处理对比增产率分别为29.1%、45.9%和29.1%、17.9%。
In view of the prominent problems such as the harsh climatic conditions in most dryland areas, the instability of low-yielding grains and the ability of drought-relief and disaster mitigation, Wuchuan County, a typical county in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia, and Wulanhaote, a typical arid region in the south of Daxinganling, The relationship between warming effect and yield formation of furrow planting was studied. The traditional semi-laminating and flat-planting non-laminating methods were used as the control. Sunflower expanded by planting area and corn with large area were planted as the research materials respectively. The mechanism of warming and increasing production of ridge film planting technology was analyzed. The growth pattern of double ridge and furrow with two kinds of crops in the whole growing period was between 5 cm, 15 cm, 25 cm and 5 cm, 15 cm soil layers The average soil temperature increased by 0.17 ~ 4.39 ℃ and 0.26 ~ 4.17 ℃ respectively than that of the same cropping. The average daily temperature at seedling stage was 1.71 ℃ and 2.43 ℃ respectively, and the daily average temperature was 3.41 ℃ and 3.59 ℃, respectively. The average effective accumulated temperature of soils during the whole growth period was 2178.8 ℃ and 2621.4 ℃ respectively, which increased by 174.7 ℃ and 217.6 ℃ compared with the uncoated ones The physiological indexes of plants were the best in all the treatments. The average yields of sunflower and corn were 4165.5 kg hm -2 and 13633.5 kg hm -2, respectively, The contrast-increasing rates of mulching treatment were 29.1%, 45.9% and 29.1%, 17.9% respectively.