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大通量冷原子源是实现高精度冷原子干涉仪的关键技术之一。为获得大通量冷原子源,通常采用二维磁光阱(2D-MOT)和三维磁光阱(3D-MOT)的级联结构,其中2D-MOT的磁场分布是影响其性能的重要因素。通过数学建模及有限元分析,对2D-MOT中不同构造(长方形、跑道形、马鞍形)的反亥姆霍兹线圈进行数值计算,分析了不同构造线圈的磁场分布及因在制造与装配过程中产生的偏心、线圈不对称、平行度及内径不对称误差造成的磁场零点漂移和磁场梯度变化。分析结果表明,在偏心误差C<1.14 mm,线圈不对称误差ΔI<0.016 A,平行度误差θ<1.02°时,马鞍形线圈产生的磁场梯度更有利于制备大通量冷原子源。该结果为冷原子干涉仪2D-MOT的磁场系统设计和加工提供了理论指导。
Large flux of cold atomic source is one of the key technologies to achieve high precision cold atomic interferometer. In order to obtain a large flux of cold atomic sources, 2D-MOT and 3D-MOT (3D-MOT) cascaded structure are usually used, in which the magnetic field distribution of 2D-MOT is an important factor affecting its performance . Through mathematical modeling and finite element analysis, the anti-Helmholtz coils in 2D-MOT with different configurations (rectangular, racetrack and saddle) are numerically calculated, and the distribution of magnetic fields in different structural coils and the magnetic field distribution in the manufacturing and assembly Eccentricity generated during the process, coil asymmetry, parallelism and asymmetry of the inner diameter caused by the zero drift of the magnetic field and the change of the magnetic field gradient. The results show that the magnetic field gradient produced by the saddle-shaped coil is more conducive to the preparation of large-flux cold atomic sources when the eccentricity error C <1.14 mm, the coil asymmetry error ΔI <0.016 A, and the parallelism error θ <1.02 °. The results provide theoretical guidance for the design and processing of the magnetic field system of the 2D-MOT cold-atom interferometer.