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鉴于许多药物的作用具有高度选择性,表现在高效、化学结构的特异性和生物组织的特异性,因此很久以来就认为许多药物是通过与受体相结合而产生作用,而且业已证明许多药物的受体实际上也是一些内源性递质的受体。吗啡类药物也有它的特异受体。1973年Snyder直接在神经组织中证实了阿片受体的存在。这些受体存在于突触后膜上,是一种蛋白质,在机能上是特异的,它们只对吗啡类药物及其相应的拮抗剂具有显著的亲和力,而对很多神经传导递质及其他神经活性物质如多巴胺、正肾上腺素、γ-氨基丁酸、乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸等则无这种亲和力。
Since many drugs are highly selective and exhibit high efficiency, chemical structure specificity and biological tissue specificity, it has long been recognized that many drugs work by binding to receptors and many drugs have been shown to Receptors are actually receptors for some endogenous neurotransmitters. Morphine drugs also have its own specific receptor. Snyder confirmed the presence of opioid receptors directly in neural tissue in 1973. These receptors, which are found on the postsynaptic membrane, are proteins that are functionally specific and have significant affinity only for morphine drugs and their corresponding antagonists, but are also important for many neurotransmitters and other nerves Active substances such as dopamine, norepinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, etc. are not such affinity.