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目的对新疆维吾尔族患者在多发性骨髓瘤诊断中免疫球蛋白及轻链检测的临床应用进行分析和探讨。方法针对134例多发性骨髓瘤患者利用免疫散射比浊法检测血清免疫球蛋白及轻链,60例健康体检者作为对照组。结果研究组中Ig G型最多,其次为Ig A型、Ig M型,且Ig G型的Ig G含量、Ig A型的Ig A含量和Ig M型的Ig M含量均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组中不同类型的轻链κ、轻链λ间差异有统计学意义,且与对照组比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。κ型MM患者血清κ浓度升高,λ浓度普遍降低,κ/λ比值明显高于对照组。λ型MM患者血清λ浓度升高,κ浓度普遍性降低,κ/λ比值明显低于对照组。κ/λ比值在不同类型MM患者中表现不同,λ型<1,而κ型>2。结论血清中免疫球蛋白及轻链可以较好的作为多发性骨髓瘤的临床诊断标记物,对各种分型具有较好的参考价值,对临床诊断及治疗有重要意义。
Objective To analyze and discuss the clinical application of detection of immunoglobulin and light chain in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma in Uygur patients in Xinjiang. Methods Serum immunoglobulin and light chain were detected by immunomagnetic turbidimetry in 134 patients with multiple myeloma. Sixty healthy subjects were used as control group. Results The study group had the highest number of Ig G type, followed by Ig A type and Ig M type. The Ig G content of Ig G type, the Ig A content of Ig A type and the Ig M content of Ig M type were significantly higher than those of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There were significant differences between different types of light chain κ and light chain λ in the study group, and there was also a significant difference compared with the control group (P <0.05). The serum level of kappa-κ increased, the concentration of λ decreased, and the ratio of κ / λ was significantly higher than that of the control group. The concentration of serum λ in the patients with type MM increased, while the level of κ in serum decreased. The κ / λ ratio was significantly lower than that in the control group. The κ / λ ratio differed in patients with different types of MM, with λ <1 and κ> 2. Conclusions Immunoglobulin and light chain in serum can be used as clinical diagnostic markers of multiple myeloma, and have good reference value for various subtypes, which is of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.