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20世纪70年代以来,西方马克思主义思潮明显地存在着一个“文化转向”,这种转向也明显地改变了由卢卡奇奠基的“西方马克思主义”传统。虽然它扩大了马克思主义的理论视野、为发挥其资本主义批判功能提供了一个有价值的路径,并借助文化批评在全球理论空间中占据了一个独特位置,甚至对包括中国在内的全球马克思主义理论产生了重要影响,但它亦向马克思主义元理论提出了新的诉求甚至挑战。在根本上,文化转向实质性地改写了马克思主义理论的基本属性,把它从反资本主义的政治纲领转化成一般的反权力文化实践,从生产方式变革理论转化为生活方式选择理论,从历史理论转化为文本(话语)理论。因此,尽管文化理论突出了以日常生活为中轴的总体社会革命的重要意义,但目前仍难从其操作路径看到这一目标实现的可能性,亦很难将之视为马克思主义理论新形态的建构方向。
Since the 1970s, there has been a clear “cultural shift” in the Western Marxist trend of thought. This shift has also obviously changed the tradition of “Western Marxism” laid by Lukacs. Although it broadens the theoretical horizon of Marxism, it provides a valuable route for exerting its critical function of capitalism and takes advantage of cultural criticism to occupy a unique position in the global theoretical space, even for global Marxism including China Theory has had a significant impact, but it also put forward new demands and even challenges to Marxist meta-theory. Fundamentally, the cultural shift has essentially rewritten the basic attributes of Marxist theory, transformed it from the anti-capitalist political program into a general anti-power cultural practice, from the production-style change theory to the life style selection theory, and from the historical Theory into text (discourse) theory. Therefore, although cultural theory highlights the importance of the general social revolution centered on daily life, it is still difficult to see from its operational path the possibility of achieving this goal and it is hard to treat it as a new theory of Marxism Form the direction of construction.