目的观察红霉素对体外培养的鼻息肉上皮细胞B细胞淋巴瘤-2基因(B cell lymphomas-2,Bcl-2)和Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax)表达的影响,探讨上皮细胞凋亡在鼻息肉组织形成中的意义。方法将30例鼻息肉及15例下鼻甲组织均分成两组,分别对其上皮细胞进行原代培养,其中一组加入红霉素。培养第1、3、5天应用末端脱氧核苷酰转移酶介导的脱氧尿苷三磷酸原位缺口末端标记法(the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling,TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡情况,并用免疫组化法检测细胞凋亡基因Bax、抑凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达。结果①鼻息肉红霉素组培养第1、3、5天的上皮细胞凋亡指数(用x±s表示,下同)分别为(33．23±6．50)％、(36．14±3．21)％和(52．63±7．86)％,对照组(不加红霉素组)为(31．02±5．60)％、(33．88±4．02)％和(39．64±7．48)％,培养第5天的上皮细胞凋亡指数红霉素组与对照组差异有统计学意义(t=4．480, P<0．05)。②鼻息肉上皮细胞Bcl-2和Bax表达均显著强于下鼻甲组织(P<0．01);培养第5天鼻息肉上皮细胞红霉素组Bax表达显著强于对照组(t=8．734,P<0．05),Bcl-2表达虽强于对照组,但差异无统计学意义;下鼻甲上皮细胞红霉素组与对照组的Bcl-2与Bax阳性表达差异均无统计学意义(P均>0．05);红霉素干预第5天鼻息肉上皮细胞显示明显的凋亡趋势(P<0．05)。结论红霉素能显著提高Bax蛋白的表达,有显著的促鼻息肉上皮细胞凋亡的作用。 Objective To observe the effect of erythromycin on the expression of B cell lymphomas-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in cultured nasal polyp epithelial cells Influence, explore the significance of epithelial cell apoptosis in the formation of nasal polyps. Methods Thirty cases of nasal polyps and 15 cases of inferior turbinate tissues were divided into two groups. Primary epithelial cells were cultured respectively. One group was given erythromycin. Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay on days 1, 3, The expression of apoptosis-related gene Bax and apoptosis-suppressor gene Bcl-2 were detected by histochemistry. Results ① The apoptotic indexes of epithelial cells of nasal polyacrylamide erythromycin group were (33.23 ± 6.50)%, (36.14 ± 3.21% and 52.63 ± 7.86%, respectively, while those in the control group without erythromycin group were (31.02 ± 5.60)% and (33.88 ± 4.02)%, respectively (39.64 ± 7.48)% respectively. There was a significant difference between the erythromycin group and the control group on the 5th day of culture (t = 4.480, P <0.05). ② The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in nasal polyps was significantly higher than that in inferior turbinate tissue (P <0.01). On the 5th day, the expression of Bax in nasal polyp erythromycin group was significantly higher than that in control group (t = 8. 734, P <0.05). Although the expression of Bcl-2 was stronger than that of the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. The positive expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the inferior turbinate epithelial cell erythromycin group and the control group had no statistical difference Significance (P> 0.05). On the fifth day after erythromycin intervention, nasal polyp epithelial cells showed obvious apoptosis tendency (P <0.05). Conclusion Erythromycin can significantly increase the expression of Bax protein and promote the apoptosis of nasal polyp epithelial cells.