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【目的】昼夜变温幅度对昆虫的发育、存活、寿命、繁殖等核心生命活动有非常重要的影响。以往研究主要以恒温为主,温度设置不符合自然界中昼夜温度波动变化,无法明确温度波动幅度与恒温之间的生物效应差别。【方法】本研究采用了二步变温,模拟了不同的昼夜温度波动幅度(25±2℃,25±4℃,25±6℃,25±8℃,25±10℃和25±12℃)与相应恒温25℃,研究了不同变温幅度对十字花科世界性害虫小菜蛾Plutella xylostella不同生活史阶段中发育、存活、寿命与繁殖的影响。【结果】结果表明,变温幅度对小菜蛾不同阶段的发育、存活、寿命与繁殖影响存在显著差异。25±2℃,25±4℃和25±6℃对小菜蛾生活史性状的影响与恒温(25℃)相似,但25±10℃和25±12℃却产生了显著的负面影响。【结论】我们发现,较大的昼夜变温幅度显著影响小菜蛾不同阶段的发育、存活、寿命与繁殖,而适宜夜低温在一定程度上修复了日高温胁迫对小菜蛾的不利影响;并且认为昼夜变温幅度作为影响昆虫核心生命活动一种重要决定因素,必需纳入到昆虫种群数量预测模型中,才能真实地反映自然界中复杂变温模式对昆虫生态学效应的影响,才能提高昆虫田间发生预测预报的准确性。
【Objective】 The rate of day and night temperature change has a very important influence on the development, survival, life span, reproduction and other core life activities of insects. In the past, the research mainly focused on constant temperature. The temperature setting did not accord with the fluctuation of temperature in day and night in nature, and it was impossible to clarify the biological effect difference between temperature fluctuation and constant temperature. 【Method】 The two-step temperature was used to simulate different diurnal temperature fluctuations (25 ± 2 ℃, 25 ± 4 ℃, 25 ± 6 ℃, 25 ± 8 ℃, 25 ± 10 ℃ and 25 ± 12 ℃) With the corresponding constant temperature of 25 ℃, the effects of different temperature ranges on the development, survival, life span and reproduction of Plutella xylostella, a cruciferous cruciferous world pest, were studied. 【Result】 The results showed that there was a significant difference in the effects of temperature fluctuation on the development, survival, life span and reproduction of Plutella xylostella in different stages. The effects of 25 ± 2 ℃, 25 ± 4 ℃ and 25 ± 6 ℃ on life history traits of Plutella xylostella were similar to those of constant temperature (25 ℃), but significant negative effects were found at 25 ± 10 ℃ and 25 ± 12 ℃. 【Conclusion】 We found that the larger diurnal temperature range significantly affected the development, survival, life span and reproduction of Plutella xylostella in different stages, while suitable night-temperature to some extent to repair the adverse effects of daily high temperature stress on diamondback moth; and that day and night As an important determinant of the insect’s core life activity, the variable temperature range must be incorporated into the insect population prediction model to truly reflect the effect of the complex temperature-changing mode on the ecological effects of insects in nature so as to improve the accuracy of insect field forecasting Sex.