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目的通过开展铬职业暴露现状调查与铬职业暴露人群呼吸系统健康损害检查,有助于详细掌握辖区内铬职业暴露人群的铬暴露量、健康状况和职业危害现状,为开展铬职业暴露人群的健康效应评估、健康监护和基本职业卫生服务提供翔实的基础数据。方法调查辖区全部五金电镀厂基本情况,对作业场所空气、作业工人血进行采样和检测,同时对铬作业工人进行职业健康检查。结果作业场所空气铬时间加权平均浓度为0.012 mg/m3(浓度范围:0.01～0.24 mg/m3),低于国家容许卫生标准(0.15 mg/m3),未发现铬酸盐超标。对372名工人鼻部进行检查,发现鼻中隔黏膜糜烂2例、鼻中隔软骨部穿孔2例,总检出率为1.08%。工人工龄与血铬浓度两者间的相关分析结果无统计学意义(r=-0.04,P=0.445)。作业场所空气铬浓度组间铬鼻部位征检出率之间的差异无统计学意义(X2=2.18,P=0.140)。结论地方政府部门需要高度关注辖区五金电镀行业铬作业职业病危害的现状,积极采取综合整治措施,建立长效管理机制,控制铬职业病危害。
Objective To investigate the status quo of occupational exposure to chromium and respiratory health impairment in occupationally exposed workers, and to provide a detailed understanding of the status of chromium exposure, health conditions and occupational hazards in occupational exposure to chromium. Effectiveness assessment, health monitoring and basic occupational health services to provide detailed basic data. Methods To investigate the basic situation of all metal electroplating factories in the jurisdiction, to sample and test the air of the working place and the blood of working workers, and to carry out the occupational health examination of the chromium workers. Results The weighted mean concentration of chromium in air at the workplace was 0.012 mg / m3 (concentration range: 0.01-0.24 mg / m3), which was lower than the national allowable hygiene standard (0.15 mg / m3). No chromates were found to exceed the standard. In the nose of 372 workers, 2 cases of mucosal erosion of the nasal septum and 2 cases of perforation of the cartilaginous septum were found. The total detection rate was 1.08%. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (r = -0.04, P = 0.445). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of chromium nasal sign between the air chromium concentrations in the workplace (X2 = 2.18, P = 0.140). Conclusion Local government departments need to pay close attention to the status quo of occupational hazards of chrome work in the area of hardware electroplating in the area under their jurisdiction and actively adopt comprehensive improvement measures to establish a long-term management mechanism to control the occupational hazards of chromium.