阳光对人体健康具有双重作用,过度照射可使人得日射病、皮肤癌症,而适度照射在预防、治疗佝偻病、骨质疏松、提高机体抵抵力、杀灭病菌等方面都有积极作用。冬季,儿童往往感到阳光不足,他们应接受多少阳光照射?怎样才能满足需要?是卫生学上应注意的问题。一般认为,在冬季对穿衣服较厚、曝露面积少的儿童来说,每天应接受1/2红斑剂量为宜。我们测定73名男女儿童,1/2红斑剂量应相当日光紫外线剂量(用钼酸铵法测定)5.5单位/米~2,考虑到冬季平均日照率仅47%,故晴天应接受的照射剂量为12单位/米~2。研究阳光对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭作用指出,该菌残存率S(%)=10~(1.9627-0.07243H),这里H 系指日光紫外线照射剂量,当12单位/米~2时,可杀菌88%。由上述,可把这一剂量作为卫生学要求。为此需要:一、住宅建筑上有合理的朝向和适当的间距曾研究一种定型住宅,在北纬31°(宁沪一带),要使离窗1.5米处达到12单位/米~2,住宅朝向正南到偏东30°时,应有间距1.4h 以上(h 指 Sunshine has a dual role in human health. Over-exposure can make people get sun-like disease and skin cancer, while moderate irradiation has a positive effect in prevention and treatment of rickets, osteoporosis, body resistance and germ killing. In winter, children often feel inadequate sunlight, how much sunlight they should receive and how they can meet their needs, which is a hygienic problem to be aware of. Generally believed that in winter thicker clothes, exposed area less children should receive 1/2 day erythema dose appropriate. We measured 73 boys and girls, 1/2 erythema dose should be equivalent to the amount of UV light (ammonium molybdate method) 5.5 units / m ~ 2, taking into account only 47% of the average winter sunshine rate, it should be exposed to a sunny dose 12 units / m ~ 2. Study sunshine on the killing of Staphylococcus aureus pointed out that the residual rate of the bacteria S (%) = 10 ~ (1.9627-0.07243H), where H refers to the amount of sunlight UV irradiation, when 12 units / m ~ 2, 88% sterilization. From the above, this dose can be used as a hygiene requirement. To this end, we need: First, a reasonable orientation towards residential buildings and a suitable spacing Have studied a stereotyped residential, in the latitude 31 ° (Ninghu area), to make the window 1.5 meters at 12 units / m ~ 2, residential Toward the south to the east 30 °, there should be more than 1.4h spacing (h means