由于旅客列车高速运行(160公里/小时以上),导致必须改进车辆转向架的结构,如改进转向架的弹簧悬挂和制动装置。苏联和其他国家的经验表明,在这种速度下所需要的悬挂刚度特性既可以利用空气弹簧,也可以利用通常的螺旋弹簧来达到。空气弹簧与螺旋弹簧相比有很多优点:车体距轨面高度不随载荷变化,能够自动衰减车辆簧上质量的振动等等。然而采用空气弹簧必须用新的自动作用装置(如高度控制阀)装备转向架,因而使转向架在运用中的维护工作复杂化,特别是在冬季期间。因此,全苏铁路运输科学研究院(?)、全 Due to the high speed of passenger trains (over 160 km / h), it is necessary to improve the structure of vehicle bogies such as spring suspension and brakes to improve bogies. The experience of the Soviet Union and other countries has shown that the required suspension stiffness characteristics at this speed can be achieved both with air springs and with conventional coil springs. Compared with the helical spring air spring has many advantages: the height of the body from the rail surface does not change with the load, the vehicle can automatically reduce the vibration of the sprung mass and so on. However, the use of air springs necessitates the provision of bogies with new automatic devices, such as height control valves, thus complicating the maintenance of the bogies in service, especially during the winter months. Therefore, the All-Soviet Railway Transport Research Institute (?), All