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目的了解上海市外来初中生对艾滋病的认知、态度和行为现状及其影响因素,为在该人群中开展健康教育和行为干预提供科学依据。方法对上海市2211名外来初中生进行艾滋病相关问题问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般人口学特征、生殖健康、艾滋病及性病知识、艾滋病相关态度以及性行为意向、行为等内容。结果外来学生艾滋病知识认知率总体较低,三大传播途径和主要非传播途径认知率均不高;男生与艾滋病相关的生殖健康知识、艾滋病知识、性病知识以及知识总得分均高于女生;年级因素对学生的生殖健康和性病知识有影响;女生的婚前/婚外性行为态度均分明显高于男生,而不同性别学生对HIV感染者/AIDS病人的态度无差别;发生过性行为的学生占4.2%,有吸烟和喝酒行为的学生分别占2.6%和2.7%。结论外来初中生艾滋病相关认知不容乐观,对其实施预防艾滋病干预非常必要。应通过适当的同伴教育、课堂教育等校园干预手段,帮助初中生掌握预防艾滋病的有关常识,改变对艾滋病和病人的态度,强化学生自我保护意识。
Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of AIDS awareness, attitudes and behaviors of foreign junior high school students in Shanghai and provide scientific basis for health education and behavioral intervention in this population. Methods A total of 2211 foreign junior high school students in Shanghai were surveyed on HIV / AIDS related issues. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, reproductive health, HIV and STD knowledge, HIV / AIDS related attitudes, sexual behaviors and behaviors. Results The cognitive rate of HIV / AIDS among foreign students was generally low, and the awareness rates of the three major transmission routes and the major non-transmission routes were not high. The male students’ HIV / AIDS related reproductive health knowledge, AIDS knowledge, STD knowledge and knowledge scores were higher than those of girls ; Grade factors have an impact on students’ reproductive health and STD knowledge; girls have significantly higher premarital / extra-marital sex attitudes than boys, while no gender differences in attitude toward HIV-infected / AIDS patients; Of students accounted for 4.2%, smoking and drinking students accounted for 2.6% and 2.7%. Conclusions AIDS-related cognition in foreign junior high school students is not optimistic, so it is necessary to implement AIDS prevention intervention. Appropriate peer education, classroom education and other school intervention measures should be adopted to help junior high school students grasp the common sense of AIDS prevention, change their attitudes toward AIDS and patients, and reinforce their awareness of self-protection.