砒石与(与石)石同属砷类矿物中药,然砒石供药用的记载则较(与石)石晚得多。砒石入药首载于《日华子本草》,(与石)石的药用则早在《神农本草经》中已有明确记载。明代本草虽有砒石“亦古者(与石)石之一种”之说,但未见具体论述。为了解砒石的药用史,弄清砒石、(与石)石的药用演变,笔者进行了初步的考证,现述如下,以就正于同道。一、命名与炮制古代药名,多有所本,形、色、气、味,各因而名。砒石之名又因何而得?《日华子本草》、《开宝本草》均未言及,明《本草纲目》始谓:“砒,性猛如貔,故名”。可见,砒石之名,似由其毒性而得。考宋以前医药文献,有毒石之称者,唯(?)石。《说文》曰:“(?),毒石也”。《名医别录》曰:“不炼服则杀人及百兽”。显然,(?)石亦是因其毒性而得名。李时珍则明确指出:“(与石)石,性气与砒石相近,盖亦其类也”。可知,砒、(与石)皆为毒石,唯砒石之毒更甚于(与石)石。 Both vermiculite and (stone) are both arsenic minerals, but vermiculite is used for medicinal purposes much later than rock. The first use of Fenshi was included in the “Jinhuazi Materia Medica”, and the medicinal use of (and stone) stone was already well documented in the “Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing”. Although the Ming Dynasty Materia Medica had the theory of “a kind of ancient stone (and stone) stone”, no concrete discussion was made. In order to understand the medicinal history of meteorites and to clarify the medicinal evolution of meteorites and rocks, the author conducted a preliminary research, which is as follows. First, naming and concocting the names of ancient medicines, more than this, shape, color, gas, taste, and hence the name. Why did the name of the rock come from? The “Japan-Japan Herbs” and “Kaibu Materia Medica” all failed to talk about it. It was said that the “Compendium of Materia Medica” was the beginning and said: “Oh, sexual fierceness is such a thing, hence the name.” It can be seen that the name of the meteorite is derived from its toxicity. Before the Song Dynasty medical literature, the name of toxic stone, only (?) Stone. “Saying the text,” said: “(?), toxic stone too.” “Doctors don’t record”: “If you do not refine, then kill and beast.” Obviously, the (?) stone is also named for its toxicity. Li Shizhen pointed out clearly: “(with stone) stone, the gas is similar to the meteorite, and the cover is also its kind”. It can be seen that earthworms, (and stone) are all poisonous stones, and the poisons of meteorites are even more than (and stone) stones.