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目的：探讨目前与兰州地区儿童哮喘发生相关的危险因素，为制定科学的预防措施及其病因学研究提供参考依据。方法应用病例对照研究方法，对265例哮喘患儿和264例非哮喘患儿进行统一问卷调查。对所有研究因素经单因素分析和二项分类 Logistic 回归分析，筛选出与哮喘发生相关的危险因素。结果对24个研究因素进行单因素分析，初步筛选出15个可疑危险因素，再经二项分类 Logistic 逐步回归法，进行多因素分析，最终筛选出与哮喘发生相关的有过敏性鼻炎、饲养动物、家中有霉斑、抗生素过敏、有过湿疹、家族过敏史、早产、食物过敏、荨麻疹、一级亲属过敏史、一级亲属哮喘史、二级亲属哮喘史等12个危险因素。结论哮喘发病与家族史及个人过敏史等多种因素有密切关系，积极避免儿童哮喘的危险因素，对预防和控制儿童哮喘具有重要意义。“,”Objective To explore the risk factors of children asthma in Lanzhou city and provide scientific evidence for the preventive strategies and the etiological studies of asthma.Methods In the present case-control study,265 children with asthma and 264 controls were investigated using a standard-ized questionnaire.Single factor analysis and binary Logistic regression were used to filter the risk factors of children asthma.Results 15 suspicious risk factors entered binary Logistic regression after a χ2 test of 24 factors.Finally,12 risk factors were screened out,namely allergic rhinitis,keeping animals,mildew spots,antibiotic allergies,eczema,family allergic history,preterm birth,food allergies,urticaria,allergic history of first degree relatives,and one or two degree family history of asthma.Conclusion Children asthma is associated with a variety of factors.Avoiding risk factors may help in preventing and controlling children asthma.