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目的分析不同吸毒方式的美沙酮维持治疗者HIV、HCV及其合并感染情况,为采取针对性的健康教育及防控策略提供科学依据。方法对2008年广西参加美沙酮维持治疗的吸毒者进行为期5年的HIV及HCV感染状况前瞻性随访研究,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果纳入研究的美沙酮维持治疗者共325人,其中注射吸毒者155人(注射组)、口吸或烫吸者170人(烫吸组),5年随访率为93.2%。随访5年后,注射组HIV、HCV及HIV/HCV合并感染率分别为5.5%、62.3%及4.1%,均分别高于烫吸组的0.6%、19.1%及0.6%,差异均有统计学意义(RR值分别为9.043、7.004及14.377,均P<0.01)。生存分析结果显示,注射组出现HIV、HCV及HIV/HCV合并感染的平均时间均比烫吸组的短(注射组分别为5.727、4.905、5.819年,烫吸组分别为5.894、5.605、5.894年),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论注射吸毒是美沙酮维持治疗者感染HIV、HCV的高危因素,应加强对吸毒人群的健康教育及行为干预,控制HIV、HCV感染的发生。
Objective To analyze the HIV, HCV and its co-infection among methadone maintenance treatment recipients with different ways of drug abuse and provide scientific basis for taking targeted health education and prevention and control strategies. Methods A prospective 5-year follow-up study of HIV and HCV infection among drug addicts participating in methadone maintenance treatment in Guangxi in 2008 was conducted, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used for the analysis. Results A total of 325 methadone maintenance therapists were enrolled in the study, among which 155 were injecting drug users (injection group), 170 were mouth-suctioning or hot-sucking (hot-sucking group), and the 5-year follow-up rate was 93.2%. After 5 years of follow-up, the combined infection rates of HIV, HCV and HIV / HCV in the injected group were 5.5%, 62.3% and 4.1%, respectively, which were 0.6%, 19.1% and 0.6% Significance (RR values were 9.043,7.004 and 14.377, all P <0.01). Survival analysis showed that the mean time of infection with HIV, HCV and HIV / HCV in the injected group was shorter than that in the hot suction group (5.327, 4.905, 5.1819, 5.884, 5.605, 5.98, ), The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion Injecting drug addiction is a risk factor for HIV and HCV infection in methadone maintenance treatment. Health education and behavioral intervention should be strengthened to control HIV and HCV infection.