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半世紀來,水文学在發展的过程中已進入了定量分析的途徑;工程師們曾用各种經驗性的方法依據降水的资料推演河槽裹水流的現象,以应各种工程建設对於水文分析的要求。但是对於降水集流的过程始終祇有一些零星、片面的数值分析,没有一套完整的理論系統,因此阻碍着水文学在理論与应用方面的發展。作者曾用流体力学的分析法初步建立了降水集流的理論系統,把降水集流的过程分為三個階段:雨降地面逕流的產生、地面流、槽流之滙集,分别予以分析。本文便是其中第一階段,亦即最基本水文現象的分析。这些建立了的理論可以用為指導各种水文分析的南針,用為評論各种水文計算法的依據,並可用以創造一种近似而合理的方法,从降水資料推算逕流資料。本文中作者貢献一套理論,以分析地面點上降雨產生逕流的过程,揭發了基本水文現象的本質,最後並列舉实例的計算。早年郝登(R.E.Horton)曾依據郝納(W.W.Homer)的地面流实驗資料建立了一套在小地域內降水和逕流關係之理論,其後学者們根據他的理論和方法,用人工降雨法或流域資料实測法來確定降水和逕流間的關係。郝登的分析並没有从準確的動力学观點出發。在实際分析中發生了欠缺理論基礎的根本問題。这方面作者持着不同的意見。本文中根據作者的理論指出了郝登分析法的癥結所在,並估計了人工降雨实驗法的实用價值之限度。波達闊夫曾建議暴雨逕流之一种計算法,引起了苏联学者的廣泛討論,很多人持有不同的意見。作者於文中指出了波氏等方法發生問題的症結所在;並用实例計算和作者的方法比較,說明了波氏法在实用中的準確限度。
Half a century, hydrology has entered the quantitative analysis of the development process has been; engineers have used a variety of empirical methods based on precipitation data deduced riverbed water flow phenomenon, in response to various engineering construction hydrological analysis Request. However, there is only a few sporadic and one-sided numerical analysis of the process of precipitation and concentration, and there is no complete theoretical system that hinders the development of theory and application of hydrology. The author has initially established the theoretical system of precipitation and current collection by using the method of fluid mechanics. The process of precipitation and precipitation is divided into three stages: the generation of surface runoff by rainfall, the collection of surface flow and trough flow, and the analysis respectively. This article is an analysis of the first phase, the most basic hydrological phenomenon. These established theories can be used to guide comparisons of various hydrological compasses and serve as the basis for commenting on various hydrological algorithms and can be used to create an approximate and reasonable method of deriving runoff data from precipitation data. In this paper, the author contributes a set of theories to analyze the process of runoff generation on the ground surface, reveals the essence of the basic hydrological phenomena, and finally lists the calculation of examples. In the early years, REHorton established a set of theories on the relationship between precipitation and runoff in a small area according to WWHomer’s ground-based experimental data. According to his theories and methods, scholars then used artificial rainfall Or watershed data to determine the relationship between precipitation and runoff. Haodeng’s analysis did not proceed from an accurate kinetic point of view. In the actual analysis, a fundamental problem that lacks theoretical basis has occurred. The author holds different opinions in this respect. According to the author’s theory, this article points out the crux of Haiden’s analysis method and estimates the practical value of artificial rainfall experiment method. Podajave had suggested a method of calculation of storm runoff that aroused widespread discussions among Soviet academics and many held different opinions. The author points out the crux of the problem such as the method of Wavelet in the text. Comparing with the author’s method by examples, it shows the exact limit of the method in practice.