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目的 了解中国大学新生焦虑、抑郁的患病率及其与多种生活行为方式之间的相关关系.方法 横断面研究的数据来自2019年9-10月采集于“居民e健康”App的健康生活方式行为调查.采用自我报告的方式评估焦虑、抑郁、规律饮食、餐间零食量、水果、甜点和含糖饮料量、吸烟和二手烟暴露、饮酒、体育活动、久坐时间.社会人口统计数据包括年龄、性别、教育程度、家庭收入、宗教信仰和健康状况.采用logistic回归分析我国大学新生多种生活方式行为与焦虑、抑郁之间的关系.结果 本研究共纳入1017名大学新生.大学新生的焦虑和抑郁发生率分别为40.3％和45.3％.多因素分析结果显示,宗教信仰(信仰佛教:OR=2.438,95％CI:1.097～5.421;信仰基督教:OR=5.886,95％CI:1.604～21.597)、性别(女性:OR=1.405,95％CI:1.001～1.971)、二手烟暴露(OR=1.089,95％CI:1.001～1.184)、规律饮食情况(OR=0.513,95％CI:0.346～0.759)与大学新生焦虑的发生有关.家庭收入(OR=0.732,95％CI:0.596～0.898)、规律饮食(OR=0.641,95％CI:0.415～0.990)、早餐频次(OR=0.813,95％CI:0.690～0.959)、有慢性疾病(OR=1.902,95％CI:1.335～2.712)、夜间零食量(OR=1.337,95％CI:1.108～1.612)与大学新生抑郁的发生有关.结论 对大学新生的生活行为方式进行早期干预具有必要性.需要考虑大学新生的宗教信仰、健康状况和社会经济状况,改善其膳食模式,促进大学新生的健康生活行为,提高大学新生的心理健康水平.“,”Objectives:First-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression.Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors,this study investigated the prevalence and correlation of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression in a sample of Chinese first-year college students.Methods:Cross-sectional data were extracted from Residents eHealth app of health lifestyle behaviors survey from September to October 2019.Anxiety,depression,eating regular meals,consumption of snacks in-between meals,consumption of fruit,dessert and sugar-sweetened beverages,smoking and secondhand smoke exposure,consuming alcohol,physical activity,sedentary time were assessed by self-report.Socio-demographic including age,gender,education,family income,religion,and health condi-tion were captured.Logistic regression was used to explore the association of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression.Results:Totally 1,017 participants were included in the study.The prevalence of anxiety and depression(from mild to severe) were 40.3％ and 45.3％,respectively.In multivariable analyses,religion (believe in Buddhism,OR =2.438,95％CI:1.097-5.421;believe in Christian,OR =5.886,95％CI:1.604-21.597),gender (Female,OR =1.405,95％CI:1.001-1.971),secondhand smoke exposure (OR =1.089,95％CI:1.001-1.184),and eating regular meals (OR =0.513,95％C1:0.346-0.759) were associated with anxiety.Family income (OR =0.732,95％CI:0.596-0.898),eating regular meals (OR =0.641,95％CI:0.415-0.990),fre-quency of breakfast (OR =0.813,95％CI:0.690-0.959),with a chronic disease (OR =1.902,95％CI:1.335-2.712),and consumption of nocturnal snack (OR =1.337,95％CI:1.108-1.612) were associated with depression.Conclusions:These results highlighted the need for early lifestyle behavior intervention,especially modifying diet patterns considering the background of religion,health condition,and social-economic status in first-year college students to improve their mental health.