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目的了解重庆市九龙坡区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为控制流行提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析重庆市九龙坡区2001-2013年流行性腮腺炎发病及其分布情况。结果 2001-2013年重庆市九龙坡区报告发生流行性腮腺炎共6 560例,年均发病率59.91/10万,无死亡,其中2006-2013年发生暴发疫情共17起537例,罹患率2.56%;发病呈周期性升高,形成2004年和2010年两个高峰年,发病率分别为139.73/10万、135.27/10万,发病有明显季节性,4-7月份占全年发病总数的58.35%;农村高于城市,城乡发病率之比为1:1.54,差异有统计学意义(χ2=285.92,P<0.01);人群分布以15岁以下儿童为主占86.63%,其中5~9岁年龄组的发病数最高占46.42%;男性发病高于女性,男女之比为1.32:1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=121.84,P<0.01)。结论 2001-2013年重庆市九龙坡区流行性腮腺炎发病呈周期性升高,近年来暴发疫情居九龙坡区中小学校首位,乡级小学是暴发的主要场所,应加强流行性腮腺炎监测和疫苗接种工作,提高人群免疫水平,从根本上减少腮腺炎发病。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing, and to provide basis for controlling epidemic. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence and distribution of mumps in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing from 2001 to 2013. Results A total of 6 560 cases of mumps were reported in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing from 2001 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 59.91 / 100 000 without death. Of the total, 537 outbreaks occurred in 2006 and 2013, with an attack rate of 2.56 %; The incidence increased cyclically, forming two peak years in 2004 and 2010, the incidence rates were 139.73 / 100000, 135.27 / 100000, the incidence was significantly seasonal, 4-7 months the total number of annual incidence 58.35%. In rural areas, the prevalence rate of urban residents was 1: 1.54, with a significant difference (χ2 = 285.92, P <0.01). The distribution of the population was mainly children under 15 years of age, accounting for 86.63% The highest incidence of age group accounted for 46.42%; male incidence higher than women, male to female ratio was 1.32: 1, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 121.84, P <0.01). Conclusion The incidence of mumps in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing Municipality increased periodically from 2001 to 2013. In recent years, the outbreak was the first in primary and secondary schools in Jiulongpo District, and the township primary schools were the main sites of outbreaks. Mumps monitoring should be strengthened and Vaccination efforts to improve the level of population immunity, radically reduce the incidence of mumps.