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目的分析肛门癌的治疗结果。方法１９５８年８月至１９８８年１２月，中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治肛门癌６１例，４３例接受了单纯放射治疗；放射治疗＋手术治疗８例，根治术１０例。应用Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ方法分析疗后生存率。结果本组病例总的５年生存率为４４．３％，不同期别的５年生存率分别为：Ｔ１Ｎ０８１．８％，Ｔ２Ｎ０６８．５％，Ｔ３～４Ｎ０２５．０％，Ｔ２～４Ｎ１～２Ｍ０１０．０％，Ｔ２～４Ｎ０～１Ｍ１０．０％。肿瘤的分期是影响预后的重要因素。２３例单纯放射治疗的Ｔ１～２Ｎ０的病例５年生存率为７８．３％，５年无复发生存率为６６．８％，６１．０％（１４／２３）的病例保留了肛门功能。６例局部复发的病例中３例经补救治疗后获控制。结论早期肛门癌Ｔ１～２Ｎ０放射治疗可以达到与根治术相同的治愈率，并能够使大约２／３的患者保存肛门功能。放射治疗复发病例可以行手术补救治疗。对Ｔ２以上的病例应进行有计划的综合治疗研究。
Objective To analyze the treatment outcome of anal cancer. Methods From August 1958 to December 1988, 61 cases of anal cancer were treated in the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. 43 cases received radiotherapy alone; 8 cases received radiotherapy + surgery, and 10 cases had radical resection. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the post-treatment survival rate. Results The overall 5-year survival rate of this group was 44.3%. The 5-year survival rates at different stages were: T1N081.8%, T2N068.5%, T3～4N025.0%, and T2～4N1～2M010. 0%, T2 ~ 4N0 ~ 1M10.0%. The stage of the tumor is an important factor that influences the prognosis. The 5-year survival rate of 23 cases of T1 to 2N0 with radiotherapy alone was 78.3%, the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 66.8%, and 61.0% (14/23) cases retained anal function. Three of 6 cases of local recurrence were controlled after salvage treatment. Conclusion Early radiation therapy with T1～2N0 of anal cancer can achieve the same cure rate as radical surgery, and can save about 2/3 of patients’ anal function. Recurrent cases of radiation therapy can be treated with surgical remedies. Planned comprehensive treatment studies should be performed on cases above T2.